Industrialization: c. 1750 - c. 1900
AP Concept: 5.1 Industrialization and Global Capitalism
Key Concepts
Industrialization
Transportation and Communication
Key Concepts
- Industrialization changed how goods were produced
- There were major developments in transportation and communication
- Scientific study and invention in the 1600s ultimately led to the rise of modern industry beginning c. 1750, with England as the first country to industrialize
- Industrializing countries required access to raw materials, a large labor pool, and capital
- England's location on the Atlantic provided access to raw materials, and its natural resources of coal and iron ore were useful in industry
- England had many rivers
factories were built along them - England had access to capital from its wealthy business class, and a large labor pool
- France, the United States, and Germany industrialized soon afterwards
- Agricultural revolution further helped industrialization, as greater production freed up a greater labor force to work in industry
- In the 1700s, England began using crop rotation and the mechanical seed drill (invented by Jethro Tull), which sped up planting
- Access to new sources of energy, such as coal, allowed changes in production
- Most industrialization began with revolutions in manufacturing and energy production
- Machines harnessed water to power textile mills
- James Watt devised a more efficient steam engine, which revolutionized power
- As a result, modes of production changed, especially with the growth of the urban factory system
- Factories employed large numbers of workers, who operated power-driven machines to mass-produce goods
- Interchangeable parts simplified assembly even further
- Families changed from being self-sufficient, farm-based producers to urban wage-earners outside the home
- Women and children participated in the wage economy as cheap workers
- Numerous inventions during the industrial revolution built up a stock of technical knowledge and practice encouraged further invention
- There were major developments in transportation and communication as a result
- James Watt's efficient steam engine allowed for steam-powered ships and trains to reduce the time and cost of long-distance travel
- Invention of the telegraph and the telephone revolutionized long-distance communication for businesses and personal use
- Canals allowed heavy loads to be transported long distances and connected waterways
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Related Links: Industrialization and Global Integration (c. 1750 - c. 1900) Quiz AP World History Quizzes AP World History AP World History Notes Imperial Expansion: c. 1450 - c. 1750 |